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| Initials | ||||||
| PINYIN | IPA | Similar sound of English | Oral | Phonetic features | ||
| b | p | book | bilabial | plosive | voiceless | |
| p | ph | pay | bilabial | plosive | voiceless | |
| m | m | man | bilabial | nasal | voiced | |
| f | f | food | labiodental | fricative | voiceless | |
| d | t | do | alveolar | plosive | voiceless | |
| t | th | to | alveolar | plosive | voiceless | |
| n | n | no | alveolar | nasal | voiced | |
| l | l | lily | alveolar | lateral approximant | voiced | |
| g | k | go | velar | plosive | voiceless | |
| k | kh | cook | velar | plosive | voiceless | |
| h | ／ | how | velar | fricative | voiceless | |
| j | tε | jeep | alveopalatal | affricate | voiceless | |
| q | tεh | cheap | alveopalatal | affricate | voiceless | |
| x | ε | she | alveopalatal | fricative | voiceless | |
| zh | tξ | john | retroflex | affricate | voiceless | |
| ch | tξh | check | retroflex | affricate | voiceless | |
| sh | ξ | sheet | retroflex | fricative | voiceless | |
| r | ζ | ray | retroflex | fricative | voiced | |
| z | ts | pizza | alveolar | affricate | voiceless | |
| c | tsh | boots | alveolar | affricate | voiceless | |
| s | s | song | alveolar | fricative | voiceless | |
| j | tε | jeep | alveopalatal | affricate | voiceless | |
| zh | tξ | john | retroflex | affricate | voiceless | stronger than 'j' |
| z | ts | pizza | alveolar | affricate | voiceless | |
| q | tεh | cheap | alveopalatal | affricate | voiceless | |
| ch | tξh | tree | retroflex | affricate | voiceless | air out short one |
| c | tsh | boots | alveolar | affricate | voiceless | |
| x | ε | she | alveopalatal | fricative | voiceless | |
| sh | ξ | sheet | retroflex | fricative | voiceless | air out long release |
| s | s | song | alveolar | fricative | voiceless | |
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